PostgreSQL BETWEEN

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PostgreSQL BETWEEN operator to check if a value falls in a particular range of values.

Introduction to the PostgreSQL BETWEEN operator

The BETWEEN operator allows you to check if a value falls within a range of values.

The basic syntax of the BETWEEN operator is as follows:

value BETWEEN low AND high;

If the value is greater than or equal to the low value and less than or equal to the high value, the BETWEEN operator returns true; otherwise, it returns false.

You can rewrite the BETWEEN operator by using the greater than or equal ( >=) and less than or equal to ( <=) operators and the logical AND operator:

value >= low AND value <= high

If you want to check if a value is outside a specific range, you can use the NOT BETWEEN operator as follows:

value NOT BETWEEN low AND high

The following expression is equivalent to the expression that uses the NOT BETWEEN operators:

value < low OR value > high

In practice, you often use the BETWEENoperator in the WHERE clause of the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.

PostgreSQL BETWEEN operator examples

Let’s take a look at the paymenttable in the sample database.

1) Using the PostgreSQL BETWEEN operator with numbers

The following query uses the BETWEEN operator to retrieve payments with payment_id is between 17503 and 17505:

SELECT
  payment_id,
  amount
FROM
  payment
WHERE
  payment_id BETWEEN 17503 AND 17505
ORDER BY
  payment_id;

Output:

payment_id | amount
------------+--------
      17503 |   7.99
      17504 |   1.99
      17505 |   7.99
(3 rows)

2) Using the PostgreSQL NOT BETWEEN example

The following example uses the NOT BETWEEN operator to find payments with the payment_id not between 17503 and 17505:

SELECT
  payment_id,
  amount
FROM
  payment
WHERE
  payment_id NOT BETWEEN 17503 AND 17505
ORDER BY
  payment_id;

Output:

payment_id | amount
------------+--------
      17506 |   2.99
      17507 |   7.99
      17508 |   5.99
      17509 |   5.99
      17510 |   5.99
...

3) Using the PostgreSQL BETWEEN with a date range

If you want to check a value against a date range, you use the literal date in ISO 8601 format, which is YYYY-MM-DD.

The following example uses the BETWEEN operator to find payments whose payment dates are between 2007-02-15 and 2007-02-20 and amount more than 10:

SELECT
  payment_id,
  amount,
  payment_date
FROM
  payment
WHERE
  payment_date BETWEEN '2007-02-15' AND '2007-02-20'
  AND amount > 10
ORDER BY
  payment_date;

Output:

customer_id | payment_id | amount |        payment_date
-------------+------------+--------+----------------------------
          33 |      18640 |  10.99 | 2007-02-15 08:14:59.996577
         544 |      18272 |  10.99 | 2007-02-15 16:59:12.996577
         516 |      18175 |  10.99 | 2007-02-16 13:20:28.996577
         572 |      18367 |  10.99 | 2007-02-17 02:33:38.996577
         260 |      19481 |  10.99 | 2007-02-17 16:37:30.996577
         477 |      18035 |  10.99 | 2007-02-18 07:01:49.996577
         221 |      19336 |  10.99 | 2007-02-19 09:18:28.996577
(7 rows)

Summary

• Use the BETWEEN operator to check if a value falls within a particular range.
• Use the NOT BETWEEN operator to negate the BETWEEN operator.